Milling
Milling is another key machining process in the manufacturing industry. It is used to remove material from a workpiece to create a specific shape or surface. Milling is a versatile machining method that can be used to create both simple and complex shapes.
Basic milling
Milling is performed with a milling machine that uses a rotating cutting tool, called a cutter, to remove material. Unlike turning, where the workpiece rotates, in milling it is the cutting tool that rotates while the workpiece is clamped and moves relative to the tool.
Type of milling
There are different types of milling depending on the direction of movement of the cutter and the workpiece:
Face milling:
The cutter moves over the surface of the workpiece to create a flat surface.
Edge milling:
The cutter is used to process the edges of the workpiece.
Slot milling:
Creates grooves or notches in the workpiece.
Profile milling:
Follows a predetermined path to create a specific profile or shape.
Pocket milling:
Milling of pockets or recesses in the workpiece.
Milling machines
There are several types of milling machines, each adapted to different types of processing:
Manual milling machines:
The operator controls the machine manually, adjusts the cutting tool and controls cutting depth and feed.
CNC milling machines (Computer Numerical Control):
Programmable machines controlled by computers, enabling high precision and automation of complex shapes and repetitive processes. CNC machines can be three-axis, four-axis or even five-axis depending on how many directions the tool can move in.
Vertical milling machines:
The milling head is positioned vertically, and the workpiece moves horizontally.
Horizontal milling machines:
The milling head is positioned horizontally, which makes them good for heavier work and larger material removal.
Tools and equipment
Different types of milling tools are used for milling:
End mills:
Used to create flat surfaces and grooves.
Ball mills:
Used to create contours and profiles.
Face mills:
Used to create large flat surfaces.
V-shaped cutters:
Used to create v-shaped grooves and decorations.
The milling tools are often made of high-speed steel, carbide or diamond-coated materials depending on the material to be machined and the precision required.
Security
Safety when milling is essential. Operators should wear appropriate protective equipment such as safety glasses, hearing protection and work clothes. It is also important to follow safety regulations to prevent accidents, such as ensuring that the workpiece is properly clamped and that the machine is well maintained.
Area of use
Milling is used in many industries such as mechanical engineering, the automotive industry, the aerospace industry, medical technology and energy production.
Milling is an important machining process that offers high flexibility and precision, making it possible to create complex and varied components.